RNAseq analysis was conducted on the leaf and main shoot apex (MSA) samples separately.

The tables of Count and Transcript per Million (TPM) were obtained using ThreeDRNAseq R package. The tables of differentially expressed genes were obtained using EdgeR R package. Gene Ontology analysis was performed using the Triticeae-Gene Tribe database (http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/TGT/m15/?navbar=GOEnrichment). WCGNA analysis was performed using the WGCNA R package.