PPD-H1Improves Stress Resistance and Energy Metabolism to Boost Spike Fertility under High Ambient Temperatures

Description

High ambient temperature (HT) impairs reproductive development and grain yield in temperate crops. To ensure reproductive success under HT, plants must maintain developmental stability. However, the mechanisms integrating plant development and temperature resilience are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PHOTOPERIOD 1 (PPD-H1), homologous to PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR genes of the Arabidopsis circadian clock, controls developmental stability in response to HT in barley. We analyzed HT responses in independent introgression lines with either the ancestral wild-type Ppd-H1 allele or the natural ppd-h1 variant, selected in spring varieties to delay flowering and enhance yield under favourable conditions. HT delayed inflorescence development and reduced grain number in ppd-h1 mutant lines, while the wild-type Ppd-H1 genotypes accelerated reproductive development and showed a stable grain set under HT. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-induced ppd-h1 mutant, we confirmed that the CCT domain of Ppd-H1 controls developmental stability, but not clock gene expression. Transcriptome and phytohormone analyses in developing leaves and inflorescences revealed increased stress gene expression and abscisic acid levels in the leaf and inflorescence of the natural and induced mutant ppd-h1 lines. Furthermore, the mutant ppd-h1 lines downregulated photosynthesis-and energy metabolism-related genes, and reduced auxin and cytokinin levels in the inflorescence, which impaired anther and pollen development. By contrast, in the wild-type Ppd-H1 plants, the transcriptome and phytohormone levels and anther and pollen development remained stable under HT. Our findings suggest that Ppd-H1 enhances stress resistance and energy metabolism, thereby stabilizing reproductive development, floret fertility and grain set under HT.

Table of Contents

1. Studies

   • plant-samples

2. Assays

   • Salmon_quantification
   • RNAseq_raw_data
   • FASTQC

Relationships between Assays and Studies

---
title: Effects_of_Ppd-H1_and_High_Ambient_Temperatures_in_Barley
---

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    subgraph ASSAY_id_3[Assay: Salmon_quantification]
        id_4[salmon]
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    class ASSAY_id_3 assayStyle;
    subgraph ASSAY_id_5[Assay: RNAseq_analysis_of_MSA]
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    subgraph ASSAY_id_6[Assay: RNAseq_raw_data]
        id_7[illumina]
        class id_7 processStyle;
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    class ASSAY_id_6 assayStyle;
    subgraph ASSAY_id_8[Assay: RNAseq_analysis_of_leaf]
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    class ASSAY_id_8 assayStyle;
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    id_7-->|382|id_4

Additional details

Contacts

Study: plant-samples

Description

tba

Additional details

Annotation headers

Characteristics: organism,genotype,biological replicate,plant structure

Factors: temperature treatment,waddington stage

Assay: Salmon_quantification

Additional details

Annotation headers

Assay: RNAseq_raw_data

Additional details

Annotation headers

Parameters: library strategy,library preparation kit,library preparation kit version,adapter sequence,next generation sequencing instrument model,base-calling software,base-calling software version,base-calling software parameters,Raw data file format

Assay: FASTQC

Additional details

Annotation headers

Characteristics: Format